A segment of anime, whether it be an entire episode or part of one, which does not appear in the manga of the title.
Fillers, as the name implies, "fills" an episode with non-canonical material which has been written usually by the same company which animates it.
Animation companies utilize
fillers for a number of reasons:
** If the companies feel that the anime is
catching up to the manga too quickly, they will insert entire filler episodes to allow the manga writer to write more chapters.
** Anime versions are usually able to adapt at least two manga chapters per anime episode. If the anime writers feel that a
crucial chapter should not be aired in the last part of an episode, they will add
a filler segment to make up for this, and air the crucial parts in a fresh episode.
** If the anime gains huge popularity amongst the viewers, anime companies often add fillers to extend the anime, capitalizing off the popularity (one example of this is Naruto,
airing fillers for over a year, turning the anime stale).